Natural Substrates and Culture Conditions to Produce Pigments from Potential Microbes in Submerged Fermentation

Pigments from bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria, and microalgae have been gaining more demand in the food, leather, textile industries due to their natural origin effective bioactive functions. Mass production of microbial pigments using inexpensive ecofriendly agro-industrial residues is current research low cost, origin, waste utilization, high pigment stimulating characteristics. A wide range substrates has employed submerged fermentation as carbon nitrogen sources enhance these microorganisms obtain required quantity pigments. Submerged proven yield when added with agro-waste residues. Hence, this review, aspects potential pigmented microbes such diversity, that stimulate a few under culture conditions, identification, ecological functions are detailed for benefit industrial personnel, researchers, other entrepreneurs explore multifaceted applications. In addition, some important covered herein disseminate knowledge.